在齐格蒙特·鲍曼的众多议题中,社会变革时代个体的生存困境构成了其社会理论的核心。“固态的现代性”的宏大社会工程建构野心带来的是对种族的大屠杀,留下的是福柯式的“全景式监狱”。“流动的现代性”所呈现出来的消费主义、全球化和个体化,则带来了当代社会一系列的不确定性和风险。那么,如何进行当代社会的重建呢?鲍曼给出的答案是建立一个基于人与人之间差异性的共享基础上的、基于他人和社会对个体的平等的权利和机会尊重基础上的共同体。 Among the many topics of Zygmunt Bauman, the individual predicament in social change constitutes the core of his social theory. “The ambition of ambitious social engineering brought about by the” solid state of modernity “is the genocide, leaving behind the Foucault’s” panoramic prison. “ The ”consumerism, globalization and individualization“ presented by the ”modernity of mobility" bring about a series of uncertainties and risks in contemporary society. How to reconstruct contemporary society? The answer given by Baumann is to establish a community based on the sharing of differences between people based on the equal rights and opportunities of others and society to individuals .