论文部分内容阅读
本文以企业所得税为例,检验了经济波动中企业实际有效税率(ETRS)的变动规律。在匹配1998-2007年全部国有及规模以上工业企业与地级市数据后我们发现,中国企业税负呈顺周期特征,地方实际产出每低于潜在产出1%,企业实际有效税率约上升0.12%-0.19%。经济波动对企业税负的影响具有异质性,隶属地方政府的企业受经济波动影响更显著,这与地方政府在经济衰退时倾向实施扩张性的财政支出政策有关:高税率在短期内能为财政支出融资,隶属地方的企业由于流动性弱,易受地方政府干预,税负增幅明显。以上结论表明,中国存在着中央逆周期宏观调控意图被地方政府顺周期行为削弱的可能。近期呈现出的企业税负向逆周期转向的新趋势,有助于弱化这一扭曲。
This paper takes the case of enterprise income tax as an example to test the law of the enterprise effective tax rate (ETRS) in economic fluctuation. After matching all the data of state-owned and above-scale industrial enterprises and prefecture-level cities from 1998 to 2007, we find that the tax burden of Chinese enterprises is in a cyclical manner. When the actual output of local governments is less than 1% of the potential output, the real effective tax rate of enterprises rises about 0.12% -0.19%. The impact of economic fluctuations on corporate tax burden is heterogeneous. Enterprises under local government are more affected by economic fluctuations, which is related to the tendency of local governments to implement expansive fiscal expenditure policies during the economic downturn. The high tax rates in the short term are Fiscal expenditure financing, under the local enterprises due to the weak liquidity, vulnerable to local government intervention, the tax burden increased significantly. The above conclusion shows that there is a possibility that China’s intention of macro-control of the countercyclical cycle will be weakened by the pro-cyclical behavior of local governments. The recent new trend of turning corporate taxes into countercyclical cycles helps to weaken this distortion.