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庄子对古今学术的体认主要出现在《天下》篇首章中。围绕古今学术的不同,他从三个方面展开论述:一是围绕“今之方术”与“古之道术”的不同,总论古今学术之大端,以界定“古之道术”的基本内涵;二是结合七品人格对“古之道术”的不同领会,以阐明“古之道术”的理想形态;三是从古今学术流变的历史视域出发,揭示“古之道术”的异化现实,并以此展开对当时学术状况的批判。这三个方面环环相扣,彰显了庄子思想的深刻与广博。
Zhuangzi’s recognition of ancient and modern academic mainly appears in the first chapter of “The World”. Around the differences between ancient and modern academic, he discusses from three aspects: First, around the “ancient art” and “the ancient Taoism”, the general theory of ancient and modern academic to define the “ancient Taoism ”; secondly, combining the different comprehension of “ ancient Taoism ”by Qixin’s personality to clarify the ideal form of“ ancient Taoism ”; thirdly, from the history of ancient and modern academic evolution Based on the field of vision, we reveal the alienation reality of “ancient Taoism” and start the critique of the academic status at that time. These three aspects are closely linked, highlighting the deep and broad Zhuangzi’s thinking.