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纳米材料是20世纪80年代末90年代初发展起来的前沿性、交叉性的新兴材料。纳米材料的研究中涉及了许多未知过程和新奇现象,很难用传统的术语定义和标准进行解释。为了指导和规范纳米材料的发展,2002年科技部将制定“纳米材料标准”标准列为“基础性研究课题”。2004年9月29日和12月27日国家标准化管理委员会分别以国标委标批函[2004]146号、147号、148号和173号文批准发布了《纳米材料术语》(GB/T19619-2004)等七项纳米材料国家标准,并于2005年4月1日起正式实施这些标准。这是我国首次批准发布有关纳米材料领域的国家标准,也是世界上首次以国家标准形式颁布的纳米材料标准。2005年2月28日国家质量监督检验检疫总局和国家标准化管理委员会在京联合召开我国首批七项“纳米材料国家标准新闻发布会”。该七项国家标准的主要起草单位是冶金工业信息标准研究院、钢铁研究总院、天津化工研究设计院、中科院纳米中心和有色金属技术经济研究院等单位。为了配合标准的贯彻实施,现将这七项标准作如下简要介绍。
Nanomaterials are cutting-edge and cross-cutting emerging materials developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Many unknown processes and novel phenomena are involved in the research of nanomaterials, which is difficult to explain with the traditional definitions of terms and standards. In order to guide and standardize the development of nanomaterials, in 2002 the Ministry of Science and Technology formulated the “Standard for Nanomaterials” as a “basic research topic.” September 29, 2004 and December 27, respectively, the National Standardization Administration of China approved the approval of the National Standard Committee approved letters [2004] No. 146, No. 147, No. 148 and No. 173 issued a “nano-materials terminology” (GB / T19619- 2004) and other seven national standards for nano-materials, and in April 1, 2005 from the official implementation of these standards. This is the first time for China to approve the release of the national standards in the field of nanomaterials, and is the first time in the world that the standards of nanomaterials are promulgated in the form of national standards. February 28, 2005 AQSIQ and China National Standardization Administration jointly convened the first batch of seven “National Standards Press Conference for Nanomaterials” in Beijing. The main drafting units of the seven national standards are Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Institute, Steel Research Institute, Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nano Center and Nonferrous Metal Technology Economic Research Institute and other units. In order to comply with the implementation of the standards, these seven criteria are briefly introduced as follows.