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航天任务的复杂程度和时限逐步加大,对空间装备零部件的可靠性和寿命要求越来越高,空间装备中各机械摩擦部件能否正常运转和达到预期寿命已成为航天任务能否顺利完成的关键因素。对主要空间装备摩擦学部件的运动工况进行总结,指出空间摩擦学部件涉及较宽的速度和载荷范围,且常处于连续工作、多次“启-停”或间歇操作等复杂的运动状态,并归纳分析直接影响摩擦、磨损和润滑问题的主要空间环境因素,即高真空、快速温变和极端温度、强辐射、原子氧、微重力以及微流星和空间碎片,提出未来我国可以从空间环境效应以及空间润滑材料的设计制备两方面进行深入研究,从而大大提高空间装备摩擦学部件的服役寿命和可靠性。
The complexity and time limit of space missions are gradually increasing, and the requirements for the reliability and life expectancy of space equipment components are getting higher and higher. Whether the mechanical friction components in space equipment can operate normally and reach the life expectancy has become the successful completion of the space mission The key factor. The paper summarizes the kinematics of the tribological components of the main space equipment and points out that the tribological components of the space involve a wide range of speeds and loads and are often subjected to complicated motions such as continuous work, multiple “on-stop” or intermittent operations State, and summarizes the main space environmental factors that directly affect the friction, wear and lubrication problems, namely high vacuum, rapid temperature change and extreme temperature, strong radiation, atomic oxygen, microgravity and micro-meteor and space debris, Space environment effects and space lubrication material design and preparation of two aspects of in-depth study, thereby greatly improving the space equipment tribology components service life and reliability.