环境污染是当下较严峻的问题之一,随着发展中国家经济的不断发展,以破坏环境为代价的经济增长是违背可持续发展战略思想的。人们保护环境的意识的淡薄更加速了环境的恶化。而环境污染与贸易也有间接的影响关系,进出口方面,发展中国家以低廉的价格出口大量原材料,比如木材、有色金属等;接受境外投资方面,引进的往往是对环境有危害的产业。这对广大人民的健康和财产都有很大的损失。本文将从市场失灵的角度分析以上现象,结合成本内部化理论提出解决贸易与环境的矛盾的途径;最后对促进贸易与环境的关系提出一些政策性建议。 Environmental pollution is one of the more serious problems nowadays. With the continuous economic development in developing countries, the economic growth at the expense of environmental destruction runs counter to the strategy of sustainable development. The weakening of people’s awareness of environmental protection has accelerated the deterioration of the environment. Environmental pollution and trade also have an indirect impact. In terms of import and export, developing countries export a large amount of raw materials at low prices, such as timber and non-ferrous metals. In terms of accepting overseas investment, they often introduce industries that are harmful to the environment. This has greatly damaged the health and property of the vast majority of people. This article will analyze the above phenomena from the perspective of market failure, and propose a solution to the contradiction between trade and environment through the theory of cost internalization. Finally, some policy recommendations on promoting the relationship between trade and environment are put forward.