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康德的伦理学以德性为落脚点,但他的德性理论有着其独特的性质和结构。他认为,德性并不是通过塑造人的情感品质而形成的,也不是理智、情感、欲望的相互协调,更不可能是一种能够按照道德法则去行动的偏好。在他看来,德性以道德法则为纲维;德性是能够抗拒偏好满足的准则而执行道德法则的意志力量;只有实践性的情感是德性的盟友;同时,德性也是一种内在幸福,德性就是其自身的酬报。所以,康德的德性论有一种复合型结构。
Kant’s ethics is based on virtue, but his theory of virtue has its unique nature and structure. He believes that morality is not formed by shaping the emotional quality of people, nor is it the coordination of reason, emotion and desire, much less a preference that can act in accordance with moral principles. In his view, virtue takes the moral law as the key dimension. Virtue is the willpower that can resist the principle of preference and satisfaction and fulfills the moral law. Only practical emotion is the ally of virtue. At the same time, virtue is also an inner Happiness, virtue is its own reward. Therefore, Kant’s virtue theory has a complex structure.