Soil organic carbon is of great importance to terrestrial ecosystems.Studies on the amount and spatial distribution of soil organic carbon stock in various types of soil can help to better understand the role of soil in the global carbon cycle and provide a scientific basis for the assessment of the magnitude of carbon stored in a given area.Here we present estimates of soil organic carbon stock in soils in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River based on soil types as defined by Chinese Soil Taxonomy and recently compiled into a digital soil database.The results showed that the total soil organic carbon stock of the upper Yangtze River to a depth of 100 cm was 1.452×1013kg.The highest soil organic carbon stock was found in felty soils(2.419×1012kg),followed by dark brown soils(1.269×1012kg),and dark felty soils(1.139×1012kg).Chernozems and irrigation silting soils showed the lowest soil organic carbon stock,mainly due to the small total area of such soils.The soil organic carbon density of these major soil types ranged from 5.6 to 26.1 kg m-2.The average soil organic carbon density of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was 16.4 kg m-2,which was higher than that of the national average.Soil organic carbon density indicated a distinct decreasing trend from west to east,which corresponds to the pattern of increasing temperature from cold to subtropical. Soil organic carbon is of great importance to terrestrial ecosystems.Studies on the amount and spatial distribution of soil organic carbon stock in various types of soil can help to better understand the role of soil in the global carbon cycle and provide a scientific basis for the assessment of the magnitude of carbon stored in a given area. Here we present estimates of soil organic carbon stock in soils in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River based on soil types as defined by Chinese Soil Taxonomy and recently compiled into a digital soil database. results showed that the total soil organic carbon stock of the upper Yangtze River to a depth of 100 cm was 1.452 × 1013 kg.The highest soil organic carbon stock was found in felty soils (2.419 × 1012 kg) followed by dark brown soils (1.269 × 1012 kg), and dark felty soils (1.139 × 1012 kg) .Chernozems and irrigation silting soils showed the lowest soil organic carbon stock, mainly due to the small total area of ​​such soils. The soil organic carbon de nsity of these major soil types ranged from 5.6 to 26.1 kg m-2. The average soil organic carbon density of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was 16.4 kg m-2, which was higher than that of the national average. density indicates a distinct decreasing trend from west to east, which corresponds to the pattern of increasing temperature from cold to subtropical.