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地质力学磁力模型试验利用电磁力(场)模拟重力(场)的原理研究地质力学工程问题,采用的相似材料由铁磁材料与岩土体混合而成。铁磁材料在磁场中的受力方向和大小与所处空间的磁通密度梯度的大小和方向有关,为了模拟均匀的重力场,需要得到在一定空间范围内磁通密度梯度大小相同、方向单一的磁场。根据电磁学基本原理,构建了3种磁路形式以获得磁通密度梯度相对均匀的磁场,对磁力模型试验相似材料进行加载。对比3种磁路,在最佳试验区内开放式磁路对磁场的利用率更高,所以在电流相同条件下等到的磁通密度梯度的量值也更大。与另两种磁路形式相比,尽管半开放式磁路在重量和工作效率上的性能不及开放式和封闭式磁路,但其最佳试验空间的磁通密度梯度的均匀性最好,误差在5%以内,半开放式磁路可以作为地质力学磁力模型试验的磁场发生装置。
Geomechanical Magnetic Model Test Geomechanical engineering problems are studied using the principle of electromagnetic force (field) simulating gravity (field). The similar materials are made of a mixture of ferromagnetic materials and rock and soil. In the magnetic field, the force direction and size of the ferromagnetic material are related to the size and direction of the magnetic flux density gradient in the space. In order to simulate the uniform gravitational field, it is necessary to obtain the magnetic flux density gradient in a certain spatial range of the same size and direction Magnetic field. According to the basic principle of electromagnetism, three kinds of magnetic circuit forms are constructed to obtain a magnetic field with a relatively uniform magnetic flux density gradient, and the similar material in the magnetic model test is loaded. Compared with the three kinds of magnetic circuits, the open magnetic circuit in the best test area has a higher magnetic field utilization, so the magnitude of the magnetic flux density gradient waits for the same current to be greater. Although the performance of the semi-open magnetic circuit is weaker than that of the other two magnetic circuit forms, the magnetic flux density gradient of the best experimental space has the best uniformity in terms of weight and working efficiency. The error is less than 5%. The semi-open magnetic circuit can be used as a magnetic field generator for the geomechanical magnetic model test.