在中国封建史的长河中,改朝换代虽然是以皇家为代表的统治者角色之易,但给世人心理影响的阵痛是巨大的,其中尤以明清交替为最。就其原因有明自建国始就以理学为宗,建立了以“天、地、君、亲、师”为国家、社会、家族的权力结构,形成了“三纲五常”为纽带的宗法体系,而清是少数民族入主中原建立的政权,与汉人传统的意识相违背,对汉人的思想意识打击很大,产生了普遍的敌对情绪。从士人的角度来说,有明规定了“八股”为士人进入官僚集团的科举阶梯,因而“八股取仕”制度培养下的士人往往正统意识尤为强烈,只是有 In the long history of China’s feudal history, although it is easy to change the rulers for the role of ruler represented by the royal family, the throes of psychological impact on the world are huge, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The reason for this is that since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the case of Neo-Confucianism has been established, and the patriarchal clan system has been established with the power structure of “heaven, earth, monarch, pro and teacher” as the power of state, society and clan. System, while Qing is a regime established by the ethnic minorities in the Central Plains, contrary to the traditional Chinese consciousness and a great blow to the ideology of the Han people, resulting in widespread hostility. From the perspective of the scholar, it is clearly stipulated that the “eight characters” is the imperial examination ladder for the scholar to enter the bureaucratic group. Therefore, the orthodoxy of taxonomists trained under the system of "