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目的调查云南省西北地区家畜体表蜱的种类及其种群遗传进化情况。方法采集家畜体表寄生的蜱虫,经形态学鉴定后,用PCR法扩增蜱样本的16S rDNA和ITS2基因片段,测序后进行序列分析。结果共采集成蜱样本1 275只,经形态学鉴定为1科3属4种,其中微小扇头蜱1 263只(占99.1%),卵形硬蜱7只(占0.6%),锐跗硬蜱4只(占0.3%),未知血蜱1只(占0.1%)。样品分子鉴定结果与形态学鉴定结果一致。16S rDNA序列分析显示,蜱P6与印度微小扇头蜱(EU918188)的相似性最高为99.8%,与中国云南微小扇头蜱(JX051062)的相似性99.4%;蜱P2与美国卵形硬蜱(U95900)的相似性最高为93.8%;蜱P1与日本锐跗硬蜱(AB105167)的相似性最高为95.9%;蜱P4与澳大利亚parva血蜱(JX573136)的相似性为90.5%,与中国云南长角血蜱(JX051064)的相似性为88.7%。ITS2序列分析显示,蜱P6与来自老挝(KC503276)、中国云南(KC203364)的微小扇头蜱的相似性均为99.9%;蜱P2与日本卵形硬蜱(D88857)的相似性最高为96.1%;蜱P1与日本锐跗硬蜱(AB605168)的相似性最高为95.3%;蜱P4与罗马尼亚Haemaphysalis parva血蜱(FN296282)的相似性最高为91.0%。结论云南地区家畜体表存在微小扇头蜱、卵形硬蜱、锐跗硬蜱和一种与parva血蜱相关的新型血蜱。
Objective To investigate the species of tick body ticks and their population genetic evolution in northwestern Yunnan Province. Methods Tick parasites on domestic animal body surface were collected. After morphological identification, the 16S rDNA and ITS2 gene fragments of tick samples were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Results A total of 1 275 ticks were collected and identified as 1 species, 3 genera and 4 species, including 1 263 ticks (99.1%), 7 ticks (0.6%), 4 ticks (0.3%), 1 unknown tick (0.1%). The sample molecular identification results are consistent with the morphological identification results. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the similarity between tick P6 and EU918188 was 99.8%, which was 99.4% similar to that of JX051062 in Yunnan, China. The similarity between tick P2 and American Ixodes scapularis The similarity between ticks P1 and Ixodidae (AB105167) was 95.9%. The similarities between ticks P4 and Australian parva ticks (JX573136) were 90.5% The similarity of H. xylostella (JX051064) was 88.7%. ITS2 sequence analysis showed 99.9% similarity between ticks P6 and Phasmatodon truncatus from Laos (KC503276) and Yunnan (KC203364) of China. The similarity between ticks P2 and D88857 was 96.1% The similarity between tick P1 and Ixodidae (AB605168) was the highest 95.3%. The similarity between tick P4 and Romania Haemaphysalis parva (FN296282) was 91.0%. Conclusion There are two species of ticks, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodida and a new type of ticks associated with parva spp in Yunnan Province.