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为探讨西北半干旱雨养条件下秸秆带状覆盖麦田水分利用特征和增产效果,通过田间试验,以露地条播为对照(CK),研究了3种不同覆盖处理[秸秆带状覆盖常规条播(SM1)、秸秆带状覆盖宽幅条播(SM2)和全膜覆土穴播(PM)]对旱地冬小麦田土壤含水量、小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,秸秆带状覆盖和全膜覆土穴播均可显著改善小麦全生育期0~20cm以及开花前20~90cm土壤墒情,但开花后20~90cm以及全生育期90~200cm土壤墒情普遍不如CK。3种覆盖处理均能促进冬小麦对土壤贮水的利用,显著提高开花至成熟阶段的耗水量及其占总耗水量的比例。秸秆带状覆盖和全膜覆土穴播生育期耗水量分别比CK增加4.6%和7.6%。秸秆带状覆盖在孕穗前0~200cm土壤墒情与全膜覆土穴播无显著差异,孕穗期开始则好于全膜覆土穴播;全膜覆土穴播0~200cm土壤贮水消耗量显著高于秸秆带状覆盖,而开花至成熟阶段的耗水量及其占总耗水量的比例则略低于秸秆带状覆盖。3种覆盖处理均显著提高产量和水分利用效率,PM、SM1和SM2较CK分别增产36.8%、29.7%和27.5%,水分利用效率分别提高27.3%、23.9%和22.7%。产量与生育期耗水量呈显著正相关(r=0.97*)。覆盖处理中,全膜覆土穴播产量虽最高,但从产量、水分利用效率和经济效益角度综合考虑,秸秆带状覆盖优于全膜覆土穴播。因此认为,秸秆带状覆盖是一种更加高产高效、适宜在西北半干旱雨养区推广的覆盖种植方式。
In order to investigate the characteristics of water use and yield increase of straw strip covered wheat field under semi-arid rainfed conditions in northwestern China, three kinds of cover treatments (straw strip covering conventional striping (SM1 ), Straw strip covering (SM2) and film mulching (PM) on soil moisture, wheat yield and water use efficiency in winter wheat field in dryland. The results showed that the soil moisture content of 0-20cm and 20-90cm soil layers before and after wheat were all significantly improved by stratified straw mulching and film mulching. However, soil moisture at 20 ~ 90cm and 90 ~ 200cm after full bloom was generally not as good as CK . All the three treatments could promote the use of winter wheat in soil water storage and significantly increase the water consumption and the proportion of total water consumption during flowering to maturity. Water consumption of stalk strip cover and full film overburrowing period increased by 4.6% and 7.6% respectively than that of CK. The soil moisture content of straws covered with straw straws at 0-200 cm before booting was not significantly different from that of film mulching, but at the booting stage, it was better than that of film mulching. The water storage and consumption of 0-200 cm soil cover mulching was significantly higher than that of straws Cover, and flowering to the mature stage of the water consumption and the proportion of the total water consumption is slightly lower than the straws covered with straw. The three treatments significantly increased the yield and water use efficiency. The PM, SM1 and SM2 increased 36.8%, 29.7% and 27.5%, and the water use efficiency increased by 27.3%, 23.9% and 22.7%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between yield and water consumption during growth (r = 0.97 *). Covering treatment, the whole film Tuote hole sowing although the highest, but from the perspectives of yield, water use efficiency and economic efficiency, straw strapping coverage is better than the full film Tuote hole sowing. Therefore, it is believed that the stalk-covering of straw is a more efficient planting method suitable for the promotion of semi-arid rain-fed areas in the northwest.