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目的观察西安市部分社区老年人群健康与疾病状况纵向演变的特点及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法对同一批社区老年人,3年间进行2次随访调查,内容包括问卷调查和体格检查,以同一人群2000年和2003年的慢性疾病患病率、患病种类、健康行为方式变化3项指标作纵向分析比较。结果本组2003年慢性病患病率较2000年明显增加,尤其是关节炎、糖尿病、白内障、颈椎病和脑血管病,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。慢性病患病种数2003年比2000年也明显增加,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。本组2003年健康行为方式比2000年明显下降,注意体育锻炼、定期查体、接受卫生宣教、接受心理咨询、服用保健品的人数比例锐减,而不过量饮酒的人数比例有所增加,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论随着年龄的增长,西安市部分社区老年人群慢性病患病率呈明显上升趋势。为进一步提高其生活质量,应加强对慢性病的防治和通过健康教育提高人群的自我保健意识,改变不良生活行为方式。
Objective To observe the characteristics and influential factors of the longitudinal evolution of health and disease status of the elderly population in some communities in Xi’an. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to survey the elderly in the same community for two follow-up surveys in three years. The survey included questionnaires and physical examinations. The prevalence, prevalence, health behaviors of the same population in 2000 and 2003 Method changes 3 indicators for longitudinal analysis and comparison. Results The prevalence of chronic diseases in 2003 increased significantly compared with 2000, especially in arthritis, diabetes, cataracts, cervical spondylosis and cerebrovascular disease (P <0.01). The number of chronic diseases in 2003 also increased significantly compared with 2000, there was a significant difference (P <0.01). In 2003, the health behaviors of our group decreased significantly from those in 2000. Attention was paid to a sharp drop in the proportion of people who took physical exercises, regular physical examination, education on public health, psychology consultation and taking health supplements, while the proportion of those who did not drink excessive alcohol increased Significant difference (P <0.01). Conclusion With the increase of age, the prevalence of chronic diseases in elderly population in some communities in Xi’an is obviously rising. In order to further improve their quality of life, prevention and treatment of chronic diseases should be strengthened and people’s awareness of self-care through health education should be improved so as to change their behavior of bad life.