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高坝泄水对环境的不利影响之一是会产生总溶解气体(TDG)过饱和,导致鱼类患气泡病甚至死亡.本文通过对紫坪铺、三峡、二滩、漫湾、大朝山、龚嘴和铜街子等工程的观测,探讨了影响高坝工程过饱和TDG生成与释放过程的主要因素.其中,消能方式、泄洪流量与泄水建筑物的布置是影响过饱和TDG生成的主要因素,发电尾水的掺混作用可有效降低坝下TDG过饱和度,而支流汇入、水深、紊动是影响TDG过饱和沿程释放的重要因素.观测结果还表明泄水期间TDG过饱和度垂向、横向分布存在规律.研究对积累高坝TDG原型观测经验,评价其对环境的影响具有重要意义,可为TDG过饱和问题的理论研究提供基础数据和参考依据.
One of the detrimental effects of high dam discharge on the environment is the over-saturation of total dissolved gas (TDG), resulting in the blistering and even death of fish.In this paper, Gongzui and Tongjiezi etc. The main factors influencing the generation and release of supersaturated TDG in high dam are discussed, among which the energy dissipation mode, discharge flow and the layout of discharge structures affect the generation of supersaturated TDG The main factor is that the mixing effect of tail water can effectively reduce the TDG supersaturation, while the inflow of the tributaries, water depth and turbulence are important factors that influence the TDG supersaturated release. The observation results also show that the TDG over the drainage period The vertical and horizontal distribution of saturation have regularity.Studies on the accumulation of TDG prototype observation experience of high dam, evaluation of its impact on the environment is of great significance, which can provide the basic data and reference for the theoretical study of TDG supersaturation.