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本文研究了船舶纵桁、横梁、工字型梁腹板上开圆孔和矩形圆孔(孔开成矩形长条,二端为圆形)后的应力集中.方法是采用梁的解析理论与有限元计算相接合的途径,其中有限元计算是在基本单元法(Basic Units Approach)基础上在梁的局部区进行的.获得了: 1.计算了船用工字梁开圆孔或矩形圆孔后在拉压,剪切和弯曲截荷下的应力,获得了开孔直径在0.1～0.5腹板高变化和开孔位置可沿梁长度方向变化时的孔口应力集中简便计算式. 2.上述孔用不同厚度加厚板加强后的孔口应力集中简便计算式. 3.研究了二孔靠近后对孔口应力分布的影响,提出了梁上开多孔时的应力集中计算方法. 用本文中方法,计算出的应力分别与光弹试验结果及与用有限元对整体梁用SAP程序计算结果进行了对比,表明本文中所提出的方法是可靠的,并且使用很方便.
This paper studies the stress concentration of the ship’s girder, beam, open circular hole on the web of the I-shaped beam, and the rectangular round hole (the hole is opened into a rectangular strip, and the two ends are circular). The method uses the analytical theory and finite element of the beam. Calculate the joint approach, in which the finite element calculation is performed in the local area of the beam based on the Basic Units Approach. The following calculations are obtained: 1. Calculate the open tension of the I-beam in the ship or the rectangular round hole. , Shear and bending under stress, obtained a simple calculation formula for the orifice stress concentration when the opening diameter is 0.1-0.5 web height change and the opening position can change along the length of the beam. After the thickness of the thickened plate is strengthened, the stress concentration of the orifice is easily calculated. 3. The influence of the two holes on the stress distribution of the orifice is studied. The calculation method of the stress concentration when the beam is opened is proposed. The stress is compared with the photoelastic test results and the finite element method for the whole beam using the SAP program. The results show that the proposed method is reliable and easy to use.