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黑格尔的历史哲学代表了近代进步“历史主义”的最重要文本。在黑格尔那里,哲学的世界历史是世界历史最内在的核心,因此“哲学的世界历史”即是“历史哲学”。哲学的世界历史理念是历史哲学领域里一种全新的世界观、认识论和方法论,具有很强的纲领性、前瞻性和引领性作用。根据哲学的世界历史理念,黑格尔令人信服地证明了世界历史并不是一部民族史、地域史,而是一部“全球史”、“普遍史”。其历史哲学的功绩在于阐明了作为哲学的世界史观,揭示了历史的主体、动因和结构以及历史发展的连续性和统一性。黑格尔哲学的世界历史观,描写了以世界历史民族为主体的世界史行程的各个阶段,展开了绝对精神自我展开、外化的世界史全体。但是,他这种“一元单线”的世界历史模式不仅与以经验的历史为根据的世界史模式不相符合,也与“一元多线”的经验的世界历史进程背道而驰。黑格尔的历史哲学拒绝预言未来,实质上拒绝了对人类未来美好世界的预期。
Hegel’s philosophy of history represents the most important text of modern progress and “historicism.” In Hegel, the world history of philosophy is the innermost core of world history. Therefore, “world history of philosophy ” is “history philosophy ”. Philosophical world history philosophy is a brand new world view, epistemology and methodology in the field of history and philosophy. It has a strong programmatic, forward-looking and leading role. According to the philosophical world history idea, Hegel convincingly proved that world history is not a national history or a regional history, but a “global history” and “universal history.” Its merit in historical philosophy lies in elucidating the world history view as philosophy, revealing the main body, motivation and structure of history as well as the continuity and unity of historical development. Hegel’s philosophical view of world history describes the stages of the world history journey with the world’s historical ethnic groups as the main body and has embarked on the whole world history of self-expansion and externalization of absolute spirit. However, his “one-dollar, one-line” world history model is not only inconsistent with the world history model based on empirical history, but also runs counter to the world historical process of “one yuan, multi-line” experience. Hegel’s philosophy of history has refused to predict the future, essentially rejecting the expectation of a better world for mankind.