为了利用声发射技术对钢筋混凝土构件损伤进行定量检测,将矩张量在地震工程学中反演震源机制的理论用于结构的声发射无损检测。阐述了基于矩张量理论的声发射检测技术原理,推导了利用矩张量理论反演裂缝机制(裂缝位置、类型和走向)的定量表达式。通过钢筋混凝土梁的四点弯曲试验,按照基于矩张量的声发射分析方法,明确裂缝机制,并与试验结果比较,探讨矩张量理论用于钢筋混凝土结构无损检测的有效性。结果表明:对于钢筋混凝土受弯构件,基于矩张量的声发射无损检测技术能定量地描述结构的裂缝机制,具有较好的准确性。 In order to quantitatively detect the damage of reinforced concrete members by using acoustic emission technique, the theory of moment source mechanism in seismic engineering is applied to the structural acoustic emission non-destructive testing. The theory of acoustic emission detection based on moment tensor theory is expounded. The quantitative expression of fracture mechanism (fracture location, type and direction) is derived by using moment tensor theory. According to the four-point bending test of reinforced concrete beam, the crack mechanism is clarified according to the moment-based acoustic emission analysis method and compared with the test results to explore the effectiveness of the moment tensor theory in nondestructive testing of reinforced concrete structures. The results show that the non-destructive testing of acoustic emission based on moment tensor can quantitatively describe the crack mechanism of reinforced concrete flexural members with good accuracy.