肺部感染在临床上很常见,病因繁多,病情轻重变化很大,同时也是死亡的重要原因。目前主要的治疗对策是应用各种抗菌药物,特别是抗生素,然而目前国内在应用抗菌药物过程中存在不少问题。一、肺部感染时是否都需要应用抗菌药物这属于抗菌药物使用指征的问题。肺部感染,或称肺炎的病因很多,包括各种细菌、真菌、原虫、衣原体、支原体、弓形体、立克次体、寄生虫、病毒及理化因素、免疫损伤、药物等。其中以细菌性肺炎最为常见(占80％以上)。治疗由细菌所引起的肺炎时 Pulmonary infections are clinically common, with numerous causes, significant changes in severity, and also an important cause of death. At present, the main treatment is the application of various antimicrobial agents, especially antibiotics. However, there are many problems in the application of antimicrobial agents in China at present. First, whether the need for the application of anti-bacterial drugs in lung infections This is an indication of the use of anti-bacterial drugs. Pulmonary infections, or pneumonia, are many causes, including various bacteria, fungi, protozoa, chlamydia, mycoplasma, toxoplasmosis, rickettsia, parasites, viruses and physico-chemical factors, immune damage, and medications. Among them, bacterial pneumonia is the most common (more than 80%). When treating pneumonia caused by bacteria