目的分析2013年湖南省15岁及以上城乡居民近一年的饮酒状况及其影响因素。方法数据来自2013年湖南省第一次卫生服务调查结果,该调查采用多阶段随机抽样得到的24 286人作为调查对象。采用多阶段抽样进行权重估算,用Rao-Scott调整卡方比较不同人口学特征的率的差别,用复杂抽样的非条件logistic回归进行影响因素分析。结果有效调查人数24 282人,有效率为99.98%,其中≥15岁居民人数为19 869。≥15岁居民近一年的加权饮酒率为14.74%,其中男性为27.73%,远高于女性的2.28%(2=159.34,P<0.001);55~65岁年龄组居民最高,达到19.04%。≥15岁居民近一年的加权经常饮酒率为10.40%,其中农村为11.54%,高于城市的6.65%(2=9.41,P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,男性、较高年龄、较低文化程度和丧偶可能增加居民饮酒行为,男性、较高年龄、较低文化程度、已婚与丧偶可能增加居民经常饮酒行为。其中,相比于女性,男性是饮酒的危险因素,优势比为17.36(2=125.90,P<0.001),相比于15~岁,25~岁、35~岁、45~岁、55~岁、65~岁居民饮酒可能性更高,对应的优势比分别为2.93(2=14.92,P<0.001)、3.98(2=62.57,P<0.001)、4.93(2=44.11,P<0.001)、5.74(2=58.49,P<0.001)和4.47(2=92.22,P<0.001)。小学及以下、初中文化居民饮酒可能性高大专及以上人群,对应的优势比分别为1.33(2=4.38,P=0.04)和1.38(2=4.38,P=0.04)。丧偶居民饮酒相对于未婚居民的优势比为1.25(2=4.33,P=0.04)。上述因素对经常饮酒率有类似影响,除此之外,已婚者经常饮酒率较高(OR=23.09,P<0.001),中等收入者经常饮酒率较低(OR=0.78,P<0.001)。结论湖南省≥15岁居民饮酒率为14.74%,经常饮酒率为10.40%。男性、高年龄组、低文化程度、丧偶的居民饮酒率相对较高。男性、高年龄组、已婚与丧偶、低文化程度人群经常饮酒可能性较高。 Objective To analyze drinking status and influential factors of urban and rural residents aged 15 years and above in Hunan in 2013 in the past year. The method data come from the results of the first survey of health services in Hunan Province in 2013. The survey used 24 286 people from multiple-stage random sampling as the survey subjects. Multi-stage sampling was used to estimate the weight. Rao-Scott was used to adjust the chi-square to compare the demographic differences among different demographic characteristics. Complex sampling non-conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The number of valid surveyed persons was 24,282, with an effective rate of 99.98%. Among them, the number of residents ≥15 years old was 19,869. The weighted alcohol consumption rate of residents aged ≥ 15 was 14.74% in the recent year, of which 27.73% for men and 2.28% for women (2 = 159.34, P <0.001). The residents aged 55-65 were the highest, reaching 19.04 %. The weighted alcohol consumption rate of residents over the age of 15 years was 10.40% in the recent one year, including 11.54% in rural areas and 6.65% higher than that in urban areas (2 = 9.41, P <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that men, higher age, lower education level and widowhood may increase resident drinking behavior. Men, older age, lower education level, married and widowed may increase residents’ regular drinking behavior. The odds ratio was 17.36 (2 = 125.90, P <0.001). Compared with 15 to 25 years old, 35 to 45 years old, 45 to 55 years old, Residents aged 65 to older were more likely to drink alcohol, with corresponding odds ratios of 2.93 (2 = 14.92, P <0.001), 3.98 (2 = 62.57, P <0.001), 4.93 (2 = 44.11, P <0.001), 5.74 (2 = 58.49, P <0.001) and 4.47 (2 = 92.22, P <0.001). Primary and lower education, junior high school residents with a higher probability of drinking alcoholic and college, the corresponding odds ratio was 1.33 (2 = 4.38, P = 0.04) and 1.38 (2 = 4.38, P = 0.04). The odds ratio of widowed residents drinking alcohol relative to that of unmarried residents was 1.25 (2 = 4.33, P = 0.04). The above mentioned factors have a similar effect on the regular alcohol consumption rate. In addition, the frequent alcohol consumption rate of married people is higher (OR = 23.09, P <0.001), and the middle-income people have lower alcohol consumption rate (OR = 0.78, P <0.001) . Conclusions The drinking rate of residents ≥15 years old in Hunan Province is 14.74%, and the regular drinking rate is 10.40%. Men, high age group, low education level, widowed residents drinking relatively high rate. Men, older age groups, married and widowed, people with lower education are more likely to drink regularly.