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一些学者发现大企业员工的工资通常比小企业员工更高,认为工资存在规模溢价。理论界对这一现象有多种解释,但没有一种能够得到普遍的认同。其中的原因在于一些实证研究事先缺乏理论分析,导致一些理论上不成立的关系被作为解释。此外,选择个体截面数据会使结果存在较大的偏差。文章经过理论分析,认为员工在工作选择时会考虑风险因素,工资中应当包含风险溢价,而风险与企业规模负相关。对此提出假说:其他条件相同时,当劳动者选择处于均衡时,规模越小的企业中员工面临的风险越高,工资中风险溢价就必须更多,工资应当更高。2003~2013年间,除个别具有较高就业门槛的垄断行业以外,对国内35个行业的面板数据进行实证检验,发现工资的企业规模弹性大约为-0.03,其绝对值与企业利润率和员工劳动生产率的工资弹性相差不大。因此认为,国内企业的工资与企业规模负相关,不存在工资的规模溢价。
Some scholars have found that the wages of large business workers are generally higher than those of small business workers and that the wage scale exists at a premium. There are many explanations for this phenomenon in theorists, but none of them can be universally accepted. The reason for this is that some empirical studies lack a theoretical analysis in advance, leading to some theoretically unaffordable relationships being interpreted. In addition, selecting individual cross-sectional data can result in large deviations in the results. After theoretical analysis, the article thinks that employees will consider the risk factors when they choose their jobs, and the wage should include the risk premium, which is negatively related to the scale of the enterprise. To this end, a hypothesis is proposed: when the other conditions are the same, when workers choose to be in equilibrium, the higher the risks faced by the employees in the smaller enterprises, the higher the risk premium in wages must be and the higher the wages should be. Between 2003 and 2013, except for some monopoly industries with higher employment thresholds, the panel data of 35 industries in China were tested empirically and found that the scale elasticity of wage was about -0.03. The absolute value was related to the profit margin of enterprises and staff labor The wage elasticity of productivity is not much difference. Therefore, the wage of domestic enterprises is negatively related to the scale of enterprises, and there is no scale premium of wages.