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新疆水资源匮乏,大部分水资源用于农业,调整农作物种植结构,对于减小新疆农业用水量,优化水资源配置具有重要意义。本研究将新疆分为南疆、北疆、东疆和伊犁河谷,利用18个气象站2000-2009年的气象资料,分析三种主要作物(棉花、玉米、小麦)的蓝水蒸散量及蓝水需水量。对四个地区农作物种植结构进行调整,对比分析调整前后蓝水需水量变化。结果表明:1)基于农作物种植总面积不变原则,调整各地区农作物种植结构,全疆农作物蓝水需水量减少近2×108 m3;2)基于水资源总量控制,在“十二五”规划面积基础上调整农作物种植结构,蓝水需水量减少10.56×108 m3,全疆粮食作物玉米和小麦产量均满足规划要求,棉花产量尚需进一步提高。以蓝水蒸散量为工具,合理布局农作物种植结构,适当减小农作物种植面积,可以减少农业用水量,同时减小对农作物产量的影响。
The lack of water resources in Xinjiang, most of the water resources for agriculture, adjusting crop planting structure for reducing agricultural water consumption in Xinjiang, optimize the allocation of water resources is of great significance. In this study, Xinjiang was divided into southern Xinjiang, northern Xinjiang, eastern Xinjiang and Ili valleys. Based on the meteorological data of 18 weather stations from 2000 to 2009, the blue water evapotranspiration of three main crops (cotton, corn and wheat) Water demand. Adjust the crop planting structure in four regions and compare and analyze the change of water demand of blue water before and after adjustment. The results showed that: 1) based on the principle of invariable total area of crop planting, adjusting the planting structure of crops in all regions, the water demand of blue water in Xinjiang decreased by nearly 2 × 108 m3; 2) Based on the total amount of water resources, "Planning area based on the adjustment of crop planting structure, blue water demand decreased by 10.56 × 108 m3, grain yield in Xinjiang all meet the planning requirements of corn and wheat, cotton production still need to be further improved. Using blue water evapotranspiration as a tool, rational distribution of crop planting structure and appropriate reduction of crop acreage can reduce agricultural water consumption and reduce the impact on crop yield.