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森林防火是中国防灾减灾的重要组成部分,随着人们对林火行为的了解和地理信息系统(GIS)技术的发展,计算机模拟成为预测林火蔓延和辅助林火扑救的重要手段。该文对点源引发的森林火灾进行了模拟,计算在当地温度湿度、风力风速、树种和地形等条件下着火点的初始蔓延速度;然后根据Huygens波动传播理论,计算林火向未燃区蔓的椭圆参数和蔓延速度;最后将模拟结果与地形数据结合,在GIS上实现林火蔓延的可视化。通过对不同着火点在无风和有风状况下的模拟对比发现:相对于缓坡,火势在陡坡的蔓延速度更快;风速对火势蔓延的影响较大。
Forest fire prevention is an important part of disaster prevention and mitigation in China. With the understanding of forest fire behavior and the development of GIS technology, computer simulation has become an important measure to predict the spread of forest fire and assist forest fire suppression. This paper simulates the forest fire caused by point source and calculates the initial spreading speed of the ignition point under the conditions of local temperature and humidity, wind speed, tree species and topography. Then according to the Huygens wave propagation theory, Ellipse parameters and spread rate. Finally, the simulation results are combined with the terrain data to visualize the spread of forest fire on GIS. The simulated comparison of different ignition points under windless and windy conditions shows that the fire spreads steeply faster than gentle slope, and wind speed has a great influence on the spread of fire.