论文部分内容阅读
采用产量可持续性指数(SYI)法,研究了我国不同生态条件下20个长期试验点8个肥料处理的水稻、玉米和小麦产量的可持续性.结果表明:作物SYI值因施肥、作物种类和水热因子不同而呈显著差异.长期不施肥(CK)条件下,水稻、玉米和小麦的SYI值较低,分别为0.55、0.44和0.43;施肥尤其是NPK化肥配施有机肥可显著提高作物产量的可持续性,水稻、玉米和小麦的SYI值分别为0.66、0.58和0.57;单施N肥或NK肥的玉米和小麦的SYI值在0.36～0.47.SYI值大于0.55表明可持续性较好,小于0.45表明可持续性差.经纬度和气象因子对作物SYI也有不同程度的影响,3种作物不施肥时,水稻SYI变异较小,与各因子间没有显著相关性,玉米SYI变异最大且与各因子间存在显著的相关关系,小麦介于两者之间.因此,NPK配施有机肥有利于作物高产稳产,是维持系统可持续性的最优施肥模式.
Using the method of yield and sustainability index (SYI), the yield of eight manure-treated rice, maize and wheat from 20 long-term experimental sites under different ecological conditions in China was studied. The results showed that: And the hydrothermal factors were significantly different.The long-term non-fertilization (CK) conditions, the SYI values of rice, corn and wheat were lower, respectively 0.55,0.44 and 0.43; fertilization, especially NPK fertilizer with organic manure can be significantly increased The SYI values of rice, corn and wheat were 0.66, 0.58 and 0.57 respectively for maize and wheat and 0.36 to 0.47 for corn and wheat with N fertilizer or NK fertilizer alone. The value of SYI> 0.55 indicates the sustainability of crop yield, (Less than 0.45) indicates that the sustainability of the crop is poor, while latitude and longitude and meteorological factors have different impacts on the crop SYI. When the three crops are not fertilized, the variation of SYI in rice is small and there is no significant correlation with each factor. And there was a significant correlation between them and the wheat was in between.Therefore, NPK combined with organic fertilizer was beneficial to high and stable crop yield and was the optimal fertilization mode to maintain the system sustainability.