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1.引言诸多化学教材在“物质的量”这一章开篇引言部分会提出:单个或数量非常有限的微观粒子在化学反应中容易计数,但质量太小难以称量;当质量大到可以称量时,其微观粒子数目则多到难以计数。之所以出现这种两难困境,是因为在研究物质间的化学反应时人们有两个需求:一是在研究反应过程或反应机理时,需要对参与反应物质的微粒进行计数,即需要知道物质微粒之间是按照什么样的数量关系进行化学反应的;显然,参加反应的物质微粒数量越少越便于计数。为此,人们希望参加反应的物质微粒数量尽可能地少。但是当微粒数量少到便于计数时,由于单个的原子、分子、离子的绝对质量数值太小(以
1. INTRODUCTION Many chemical textbooks in the introductory part of the opening chapter of the chapter “Contents of Matter” propose that single or very small numbers of microscopic particles are easy to count in a chemical reaction but are too small to measure in mass; When weighed, the number of microscopic particles is so much more difficult to count. The reason for this dilemma lies in the fact that there are two needs in the study of the chemical reactions between substances: First, when studying the reaction process or reaction mechanism, it is necessary to count the particulates involved in the reaction substances, that is, According to what kind of quantitative relationship between the chemical reaction; Obviously, participate in the reaction of the smaller the number of particles more easy to count. For this reason, people want to participate in the reaction as little as possible the number of particles. However, when the number of particles is small and easy to count, the absolute mass value of a single atom, molecule or ion is too small