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当近代工业品(主要是进口货或外资在华企业产品)出现于中国市场后,为什么有的手工行业会很快衰落,有的衰落缓慢,有的还会有所发展?对于这一问题,单靠引证史料已难以解答,需要用经济学的理论与方法来揭示两者竞争的内在关系才能说明。本文提出,决定近代工业对手工业影响程度的是前者资本产出水平高于后者的差距。在不同的行业,两者之间的差距是不同的,差距越大的行业前者对后者的排挤越迅速。近代中国丰富廉价的劳动力虽然有利于手工业的生存,但是从长期看,技术进步一方面有利于近代工业资本产出水平不断提高,另一方面导致近代工业的外部条件不断改善,使其竞争优势日趋增强。因行业或区位的不同,近代工业对手工业的取代过程会有长有短,但是其趋势是不可避免的。
When the modern industrial products (mainly imported or foreign-funded enterprises in China) appear in the Chinese market, why some hand industries will soon decline, some slow decline, and some will be developed? For this issue, It is difficult to explain the historical data alone. It is necessary to use the theory and method of economics to reveal the inherent relationship between the two competitions. This paper argues that the decisive influence of modern industrial rival industry is that the former has a higher level of capital output than the latter. In different industries, the gap between the two is different. The larger the gap is, the faster the industry exits the latter. Modern China's abundant and cheap labor force, although conducive to the survival of handicrafts, but in the long run, on the one hand, technological progress is conducive to the continuous improvement of the output level of modern industrial capital; on the other hand, the external conditions of modern industry have been continuously improved, making its competitive advantage increasingly Enhanced. Due to the different industries or locations, the replacement process of modern industrial rivalry will be long and short, but the trend is inevitable.