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目的探讨宁波市副伤寒流行特征,为今后防制工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对2004-2006年宁波市法定传染病报告副伤寒疫情资料进行系统分析。结果三年全市副伤寒年平均发病率为9.86/10万,发病地区以市区和毗邻的奉化市为主;发病季节分布呈现冬春季单峰型,1~3月期间病例占全部病例69.88%;病人以30~59岁年龄组为主(71.35%),职业以本地农民为主(34.56%)。流行期曾从市售毛蚶、牡蛎分离到甲型副伤寒沙门菌。危险因素分析提示伤寒副伤寒流行与生吃、半生吃毛蚶、牡蛎等贝壳类海产品有关。结论宁波市属于甲型副伤寒高流行地区,季节分布呈现冬春季单峰型,流行因素主要与本地居民生食贝壳类海产品的习惯有关。加强饮食行为干预、加大贝壳类海产品监测,是控制副伤寒高发的主要措施。
Objective To explore the epidemiology of paratyphoid fever in Ningbo and to provide a scientific basis for future prevention and control work. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to systematically analyze the data of paratyphoid fever reported from notifiable infectious diseases in Ningbo during 2004-2006. Results The average annual incidence rate of paratyphoid fever was 9.86 / 100 000 in the three years. The incidence was mainly in the urban area and the adjacent Fenghua City. The seasonal distribution of the disease showed the monomodal type in winter and spring. From January to March, the cases accounted for 69.88% The patients were mainly aged 30- 59 (71.35%), and the majority were local farmers (34.56%). During the popular period from the commercial catfish, oyster isolated Salmonella paratyphi A. Analysis of risk factors suggest that typhoid paratyphoid epidemic and raw, half-eaten catfish, oysters and other shellfish related. Conclusion Ningbo belongs to the high-prevalence area of Paratyphorus A, with the seasonal distribution of winter and spring monsoon type. The epidemic factors are mainly related to the habit of indigenous shellfish products. To strengthen dietary intervention and increase the monitoring of shellfish products is the main measure to control the high incidence of paratyphoid fever.