目的观察小儿脑炎腰椎穿刺术后并发症产生原因及应采取的相应预防治疗措施。方法选取2012年1月至2015年12月在清丰县人民医院儿科拟诊为脑炎而进行腰穿的220例住院病儿行腰椎穿刺术进行术后并发症观察。结果 220例行腰穿的病儿出现术后并发症者54例,发生率为24.55%。其中发生腰痛者35例;局部创伤性出血8例;由于病儿不配合引起4例;手术者原因3例;麻醉意外1例,表现为腰穿后双下肢感觉丧失,无呼吸、血压改变;术后6小时活动过量后腰疼1例;头痛2例。结论对于小儿脑炎腰椎穿刺术后并发症需要高度重视,应采取有效措施加以预防,这对减轻患儿痛苦,防止并发症是大有裨益的。 Objective To observe the causes of complication after lumbar puncture in children with encephalitis and the corresponding preventive and therapeutic measures should be taken. Methods From January 2012 to December 2015, 220 inpatients with lumbar puncture who were diagnosed as encephalitis in pediatric department of Qingfeng County People’s Hospital underwent lumbar puncture for postoperative complications. Results 220 cases of lumbar puncture in children with postoperative complications occurred in 54 cases, the incidence was 24.55%. Including 35 cases of low back pain; local traumatic hemorrhage in 8 cases; 4 cases due to sick children do not cooperate; surgery in 3 cases; anesthesia accident in 1 case, manifested as lumbar lower limbs after lumbar puncture loss of feeling, no breathing, blood pressure changes; After 6 hours of activity overdose in 1 case of back pain; headache in 2 cases. Conclusion The postoperative complications caused by lumbar puncture in children with encephalitis need to be highly valued. Effective measures should be taken to prevent it. This is of great benefit to alleviate the pain of the children and prevent the complications.