我国是一个历史悠久的农业国,农民占全国人口80%以上,“中国有百分之九十未受文化教育的人民,这个里面,最大多数是农民。”①这是一个基本国情。毛泽东针对我国这—国情,始终把农民问题作为中国革命的根本问题,甚至认为“中国的民主革命实质上是无产阶级领导下的农民革命”。所以,他对农民教育也特别关注。一毛泽东认为要在一个半殖民地半封建的旧中国进行革命和建设,必须从教育入手,唤起民众;认为农民的思想觉悟、政治素质、文化素质对于中国革命与建设关系极大,强调“教育为党的中心任务服务,为农民运动和武装斗争服务”;要各地党和政府加强农民教育的领导,并在革命初期就身体力 China is a country with a long history of agriculture. Peasants make up more than 80% of the population of the country. “There are 90% of the people in China who are not educated and educated, and most of them are peasants.” ① This is a basic national condition. Mao Zedong, in response to this fact in our country, always regarded the peasant question as the fundamental issue of the Chinese revolution and even thought that “China's democratic revolution is essentially a peasant revolution under the leadership of the proletariat.” Therefore, he also paid special attention to peasant education. Mao Zedong thought that in order to carry out revolution and construction in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal old China, we must start with education and arouse the people. He believes that peasants' ideological consciousness, political qualities and cultural qualities are of great repercussions on the Chinese revolution and construction. They emphasize that “education is the party Center mission services for the peasant movement and armed struggle ”; to all localities and governments to strengthen peasant education leadership, and in the early revolutionary physical