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近三十多年来,巨型采掘机械和运输工具的迅速发展并不断被矿山所采用,露天采矿方法的优越性得到了进一步的发挥,露天采矿有了巨大的发展。相应的露天采矿场的边坡稳定问题日显突出,特别是基岩地质条件复杂,设计开采深度大的(有的达600—700米以上),象煤炭、金属、非金属矿的露天边坡以及水利枢纽工程中的高边坡等,边坡角是否合理,稳定,将严重影响生产、安全和经济效益,特别值得重视。1963年我所受大冶矿委托,,在陈宗基教授、所长的直接指导下,与有关单位共同开展了《火冶矿露天采场边坡稳定研究》工作。经过二年的系统、全面的野外调查、试验研究及近一年的计算分析,最终提出了一个安全合理的边坡角和相应的安全技术措施。经过二十年的生产实践证明,我们研究的结果是符合实际的,措施是有效的,从而保证了露天矿正常生产,避兔了灾难性事故和经济损失,客观上加速了国家的四化建设。本文着重论述该工程边坡稳定研究的主要考虑原则以及试验研究情况。借以交流经验,提高认识、改进工作。
In the past thirty years, the rapid development of giant excavation machinery and transportation tools has been continuously adopted by mines. The advantages of open-pit mining methods have been further developed and open-pit mining has undergone tremendous development. The slope stability of the corresponding surface mines has become increasingly prominent, especially with complicated bedrock geological conditions, large design mining depths (some 600-700 meters or more), open pits like coal, metal, and non-metallic mines. As well as high slopes in water conservancy projects, whether slope angles are reasonable and stable will seriously affect production, safety, and economic efficiency, and deserve special attention. In 1963, under the direct guidance of Prof. Chen Zongji and the director, our institute was entrusted by Daye Mine to work together with related units to carry out the work on the “Stability Research of Opencast Stope of the Huoye Mine”. After two years of systematic, comprehensive field investigations, experimental studies, and nearly one year of calculation and analysis, a safe and reasonable slope angle and corresponding safety technical measures were finally proposed. After 20 years of production practice, the results of our research are in line with reality and the measures are effective. This ensures the normal production of open pit mines, avoids catastrophic accidents and economic losses, and objectively speeds up the country’s four modernizations. . This article focuses on the main consideration principles and experimental research of slope stability of the project. In order to exchange experience, raise awareness and improve work.