“Pill-in-the-pocket”治疗方案是指,心房颤动(Af)患者在出现Af症状后,自行口服单剂量抗心律失常药物,以改善生活质量、减少住院次数和减少治疗费用的方案〔1〕。这一概念由意大利Osped-ale Civile医院的Alboni等〔2〕提出并被广泛认可。他们在2004年《新英格兰医学杂志》发表 The “Pill-in-the-pocket” regimen refers to a protocol in which patients with atrial fibrillation (Af) are orally given a single dose of anti-arrhythmic drugs orally to improve their quality of life, reduce the number of hospitalizations and reduce the cost of treatment after the onset of Af [ 1〕. This concept was proposed and widely accepted by Alboni et al [2] at the Osped-ale Civile Hospital in Italy. They were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2004