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以甘肃省定西市安家沟流域的大型径流观测场为依托,以2009—2011年天然降雨在不同土地利用条件下产流产沙特征数据为依据,研究了黄土高原西部黄土丘陵区降雨特征及其对坡地土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明,在次降雨条件下不同处理径流过程分别经历了产流、峰值、稳定、消减4个表征时刻,土壤侵蚀过程分别经历了发生、峰值、消减3个表征时刻。次降雨条件下,不同处理其径流总量、侵蚀总量排序均为:15°春小麦>10°春小麦>10°油松林>15°荒地>15°沙棘林>10°荒地>15°油松林>10°沙棘林。通过层次聚类分析得出,在10°,15°的坡度下,灌木林沙棘、乔木林油松分别具有明显的水土保持效应。所以结合试验地的气候和环境特点,10°坡面适宜种植沙棘林,15°坡面适宜退耕还林。
Based on the large-scale runoff observation field in Anjiagou Valley of Dingxi City, Gansu Province, and based on the data of runoff and sediment yield of natural rainfall in different land-use conditions in 2009-2011, the characteristics of rainfall in the loess hilly region of western Loess Plateau were studied. Influence of Slope Soil Erosion. The results showed that the runoff processes under different rains experienced four characterization times of runoff, peak, stability and abatement, respectively. The process of soil erosion undergone three appearances of occurrence, peak and abatement respectively. Under the condition of sub-rainfall, the total amount of runoff and total erosion were 15 ° spring wheat> 10 ° spring wheat> 10 ° Pinus tabulaeformis forest> 15 ° wasteland> 15 ° seabuckthorn forest> 10 ° wasteland> 15 ° Pinus tabulaeformis forest> 10 ° seabuckthorn forest. Hierarchical cluster analysis shows that under the gradient of 10 ° and 15 °, Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus armandii have significant soil and water conservation effects respectively. Therefore, in combination with the climatic and environmental characteristics of the experimental site, the seabuckthorn forest is suitable for planting on the 10 ° slope, and the 15 ° slope is suitable for returning farmland to forest.