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以某全承载大客车作为研究对象,应用有限元分析理论,建构了客车有限元模型和客车上部结构强度的数值模拟研究环境。根据ECE R66的等效认证方法,进行了整车质心位置计算以及车体截段实车侧翻试验,评价了其上部结构的变形及其侵入乘员生存空间的状况。将车体截段试验结果与数值仿真结果对比,研究发现两者具有较好一致性。在此基础上,研究了客车在侧翻过程中侧围各立柱吸能情况并予以评价。结果表明该客车车体结构符合法规要求,具有较好的结构安全特性。该侧翻碰撞安全性能设计方法对客车企业研发具有重要的指导意义和应用价值。
Taking a full-load bus as the research object, finite element analysis theory is applied to construct a numerical simulation environment for the bus finite element model and the bus superstructure strength. According to the ECE R66 equivalent certification method, the position of center of mass of vehicle is calculated, and the rollover test of actual vehicle body section is carried out to evaluate the deformation of the superstructure and the condition of intruding occupant’s living space. Comparing the test results of the body sections with the numerical simulation results, it is found that the two are in good agreement. On this basis, the energy absorption of the side columns around the bus during rollover is studied and evaluated. The results show that the body structure of the bus conforms to the requirements of laws and regulations, and has good structural safety features. The rollover crash safety design method has an important guiding significance and application value to the R & D of bus companies.