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密度是决定物质内在特性的一个物理量,不同物质有不同的密度。在一定条件下,一种物质的密度是个常量。物质密度的测量对冶金、石油、化工、建材、煤炭等工业是非常重要的。物质密度的测量有两种:一种是导源于密度基本式的直接测量法;另一种是通过与其他物理量的相对关系的间接测量法。直接法主要用于试验室,如密度瓶法,流体静力称量法和浮计法等。间接法主要用于工业生产,如声速法、振动法和射线法等。在通常的情况下,密度的测量是比较容易的。但对于在高温、低温、高压以及腐蚀等特殊条件下,物质密度的测量则是相当困难的。而随着科学技术的发展和实际生产的需要,这些条件下物质密度的测量,更显得非常重要了。本文仅对液态金属密度测量原理、方法进行综述,并就一些名词术语作一点说明。
Density is a physical quantity that determines the intrinsic properties of a substance. Different substances have different densities. Under certain conditions, the density of a substance is a constant. Material density measurement of metallurgy, petroleum, chemical, building materials, coal and other industries is very important. There are two measurement of material density: one is direct measurement derived from the basic density; the other is indirect measurement through the relative relationship with other physical quantities. Direct method is mainly used in laboratories, such as density bottle method, hydrostatic weighing method and buoyancy method. Indirect method is mainly used for industrial production, such as speed method, vibration method and ray method. Under normal circumstances, the density measurement is relatively easy. But for special conditions such as high temperature, low temperature, high pressure and corrosion, the measurement of material density is quite difficult. With the development of science and technology and the need of actual production, the measurement of material density under these conditions is even more important. This article only on liquid metal density measurement principles, methods are reviewed, and some terminology to make a point.