德国双元制职业教育取得了很大的成就,但在其发展过程中也出现了一些问题,如由于学徒培训岗位的减少和学徒学历结构的变化,给中学学业不佳者带来了不公平;学徒培训从集体模式向分散模式的转变,损害了中小企业和学徒的利益;女性在职业领域和职业教育的选择上遭受歧视和不公。我国开展现代学徒制试点工作,应吸取德国双元制的经验和教训,促进教育公平。 The German dual system vocational education has made great achievements. However, some problems have appeared in its development. For example, due to the decrease of apprenticeships and changes in the apprenticeship and academic structure, unfairness has been brought to the secondary school students ; The shift in apprenticeship training from a collective model to a decentralized model has undermined the interests of SMEs and apprentices; and women have been discriminated against and discriminated against in their choice of career areas and vocational education. In carrying out the pilot program of modern apprenticeship in our country, we should learn from the experience and lessons of the German dual system to promote education fairness.