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新生儿同种免疫性血小板减少的发生率约占存活婴儿的2/10,000。该症继发于经胎盘获得的母体抗胎儿血小板抗体所致的免疫性血小板破坏。常呈良性经过,在分娩后1～16周趋向自限,但可引起分娩前或分娩时胎儿全身和中枢神经系统(CNS)出血。新生儿血小板抗原1(PLA1)阳性,呈常染色体显性遗传。家族中复现率高达75%。该症的诊断依据为新生儿血小板减少,母体血小板数正常,母体血清内证实IgG型抗体仅与父亲和孩子的血小板起反应,而不与自身血小板起反应。
The incidence of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is about 2 / 10,000 of the surviving infants. This disease is secondary to placental acquired maternal anti-fetal platelet antibody-induced immune platelet destruction. Often benign after 1 to 16 weeks after childbirth tend to self-limiting, but can cause pre-labor or childbirth fetal body and central nervous system (CNS) bleeding. Neonatal platelet antigen 1 (PLA1) positive, autosomal dominant. Family recurrence rate as high as 75%. Diagnosis of the disease is based on neonatal thrombocytopenia, normal maternal platelets, maternal serum confirmed that IgG-type antibodies react only with the fathers and children’s platelets, but not with their own platelets.