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一、定义和病理慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(以下简称慢阻肺)系指有持续性支气管气流阻塞的慢性支气管炎、支气管哮喘和肺气肿(解剖学的)。系一组慢性、进行性、彼此相关又非单一原因所致的呼吸系统疾病。1.慢性支气管炎:以支气管内粘液分泌过多为特征,表现为慢性或反复性的咳嗽、咯痰(每年至少三个月,并连续至少两年),病理改变包括炎症,主要是单核细胞浸润支气管壁,分泌粘液的支气管腺和粘膜上的杯状细胞的肥大增生,支气管和细支气管上皮的化生和纤毛丧失,最后可形成支气管壁的扭曲和疤痕。
First, the definition and pathology Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (hereinafter referred to as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) refers to chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma and emphysema (anatomical) with persistent bronchial obstruction. A group of chronic, progressive, related and not a single cause of respiratory diseases. 1. Chronic bronchitis: characterized by excessive bronchial mucus production in the bronchi, manifested as chronic or recurrent cough, expectoration (at least three months per year for at least two consecutive years), pathological changes including inflammation, mainly mononuclear Cell infiltration into the bronchial wall, mucus-secreting bronchial glands and mucoid goblet cells hypertrophy, bronchial and bronchial epithelial metaplasia and cilia loss, and finally the formation of bronchial wall distortions and scars.