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为了掌握建筑朝向及外窗等因素对拉萨市冬季室内热环境的影响规律,为被动式太阳房的设计和采暖设计提供基础数据,笔者对该地区建筑冬季室内、外热环境进行了测试。结果表明:即使没有采暖系统,当地南向房间仍可基本达到人体热舒适中的温度要求;白天窗帘开启比窗帘关闭可提高南向房间日均室温1.1℃。即使南、北向房间分别采用单层、双层玻璃窗,当白天窗帘关闭时,前者日均室温也比后者高4.0℃;而当白天窗帘均开启时,前者更可高出7.4℃。北向房间双层玻璃窗全关闭与仅外扇关闭相比,日均室温可提高1.2℃。根据测试结果,建议增强北向外围护结构保温性能、增大南向房间透光面积,有利于改善当地建筑冬季室内热环境。
In order to grasp the influence laws of building orientation and outer windows on winter indoor thermal environment in Lhasa and provide the basic data for the design and heating design of passive solar house, the author tests the indoor and outdoor thermal environment in winter in this area. The results show that even without heating system, the room in the south to the room can still basically meet the temperature requirements of the human body in comfort; the opening of curtains during the day than the curtains can increase the daily average room temperature of 1.1 ℃ to the south. Even though the south and north rooms were single and double glazed windows, when daytime curtains closed, the daily average room temperature of the former was also 4.0 ℃ higher than the latter; and when the curtains were switched on during the day, the former was even higher by 7.4 ℃. North-to-the-room double glazing fully closed compared with the fan-only closure, the average daily room temperature can be increased by 1.2 ℃. According to the test results, it is suggested to enhance the thermal insulation performance of the north outer envelope and increase the light transmission area to the south, which is beneficial to improve the indoor thermal environment in winter of the local building.