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目的了解中国农村地区已婚妇女对社会性别平等的认识、家庭决策权状况及其对孕产期保健服务利用的影响。方法2004年11-12月在河北、湖北和四川省的3个联合国人口基金项目县,对1227名有0～7岁孩子的妇女进行面对面问卷调查。调查对象采用多阶段整群抽样方法获得。结果65．1％的妇女社会性别平等的认识情况较差或一般,59．3％的妇女认为“丈夫的健康比妻子更重要”,39．7％的妇女同意“男人比女人更适合做领导”。46．2％的家庭是夫妻共同当家,16．2％是妇女自己当家。67．1％的妇女在乎时花钱买东西时需要征得丈夫同意。当夫妻间意见不一致时, 20．5％的妇女回答总是按照丈夫的意见来办理,17．4％的妇女大多数情况下按照自己的意见来处理。总的来讲,64．1％的调查对象家庭决策权较小或属于中等水平。91．0％的妇女在孕期做过产前检查;在做过产前检查的妇女中,65．3％的妇女在孕早期进行了第一次产前检查,39．7％的妇女接受了5次及以上产前检查。妇女住院分娩率是59．3％。妇女对社会性别平等的认识情况、对妇女的产前检查服务利用情况没有明显作用,但影响妇女的住院分娩。文化程度是影响妇女孕产期保健服务利用的重要因素,对产前检查服务的利用和住院分娩都有显著作用。结论应提高农村妇女的社会性别平等意识和家庭地位,改善孕产期保健服务利用情况。
Objectives To understand married women’s awareness of gender equality in rural China, the family decision-making power and their impact on the utilization of maternal health care services. Methods From November to December 2004, 3 UNFPA counties in Hebei, Hubei and Sichuan provinces conducted a face-to-face questionnaire survey on 1227 women aged 0-7 years. The subjects were obtained by multistage cluster sampling. Results 65.1% of women had poor or fair gender equality awareness, 59.3% of women thought “husband’s health is more important than wife’s,” and 39.7% of women agree that “men are more suitable than women to be leaders ”. 46.2% of households are husband and wife share the same house, 16.2% are women own house. 67.1% of women care about their husband’s consent when they spend money on things. When the opinions of husband and wife were different, 20.5% of the women answered their husband’s advice and 17.4% of the women handled it according to their own opinions. In general, 64.1% of the respondents have a smaller family decision-making authority or are of a medium level. 91.0% of women performed prenatal exams during pregnancy; 65.3% of women who did prenatal examinations performed their first antenatal examination in early pregnancy and 39.7% of women received 5 times and above prenatal examination. Women’s hospital delivery rate was 59.3%. Women’s awareness of gender equality has no apparent effect on women’s utilization of antenatal care services, but affects women’s hospital delivery. The level of education is an important factor that affects the utilization of women’s maternity health care services and plays a significant role in the utilization of prenatal care services and hospital delivery. Conclusions Rural women should raise their gender equality awareness and family status and improve the utilization of maternal health care services.