在妊娠时,下列情况为正常的改变。 (1)肾盏、肾盂及输尿管扩张(右侧较左侧更明显)。开始于妊娠早期并可持续至产后12周。 (2)肾小球滤过率及肾血流量有确实的增加,使尿素氮和肌酐的水平分别降低6～8毫克％及0.4～0.6毫克％。故虽有肾功能损害,其尿素氮和肌酐可在正常水平。 (3)肾小球—肾小管平衡失调,尿中出现葡萄糖、肌酐、尿酸、组氨酸以及正常尿中没有或仅有少量的其它溶质。 (4)醛固酮,肾素底物和肾素浓度均有增加。 (5)直立性蛋白尿在妊娠妇女中的发生率约为20％。因此,妊娠妇女可以看作是伴有超常的肾功能的肾盂积水的机体。与妊娠有关的疾病状况,常见的有: (1)无症状菌尿症。妊娠时的发生率约5％,如不治疗有很大的比例可导致肾盂肾炎。 (2)双例肾皮质坏死。可导致胎盘早剥,发生可 During pregnancy, the following conditions are normal changes. (1) calyx, renal pelvis and ureter dilatation (more obvious on the right than the left). Beginning in early pregnancy and sustainable until 12 weeks after delivery. (2) There was a definite increase in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow, which reduced levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine by 6 to 8 mg% and 0.4 to 0.6 mg%, respectively. Therefore, although renal dysfunction, its urea nitrogen and creatinine at normal levels. (3) Glomerular-tubular dysregulation causes glucose, creatinine, uric acid, histidine, and other solutes that are not present in normal urine or only small amounts in the urine. (4) aldosterone, renin and renin substrate concentrations have increased. (5) The incidence of orthostatic proteinuria in pregnant women is about 20%. Therefore, pregnant women can be regarded as the body with abnormal renal function hydronephrosis. Pregnancy-related diseases, common are: (1) Asymptomatic bacteriuria. The incidence of pregnancy about 5%, if not treated a large proportion can cause pyelonephritis. (2) double cases of renal cortical necrosis. Can lead to placental abruption, can occur