一从形而上学到认识论如何理解我们所面对的世界,这是哲学所面对的唯一任务。但是尽管我们在“面对着”一个外在世界,但我们并不处在这个世界的对面,相反,是被包含在其中、作为它的一个不可分割的组成部分而归属于它。因而理解这个世界,也不言而喻地包含了理解我们自身。哲学在古希腊起源的那一刻,就把世界作为一个整体来思考了。所谓理解并不是感知,而是思考,探讨这个世界存在的根据和理由。在古希腊人看来,这个世界——存在者整体,及其 From Metaphysics to Epistemology How to understand the world we are facing is the only task that philosophy faces. But although we are confronted with an external world, we are not in the opposite of this world. Instead, we are contained in it and belong to it as an integral part of it. It is self-evident, therefore, to understand the world and to understand ourselves. At the moment when philosophy originated in ancient Greece, it considered the world as a whole. The so-called understanding is not perception, but thinking, to explore the existence of the world’s reasons and reasons. In the ancient Greek view, this world - the existence of the whole, and its