黑龙江省煤矿地质构造和煤层赋存条件复杂,瓦斯、水、火等灾害比较严重。全省煤矿高沼气、瓦斯突出和煤层有自燃发火倾向的矿井占50%以上。尤其国有大矿开采深度加大,最大垂直深度已达1000米,地压不断增大,随之冲击地压显现,瓦斯涌出量加大,有的煤矿瓦斯绝对涌出量高达112立方米/分钟。黑龙江省煤层自燃发火期最短的仅为23天。由于开采深度加大,地表 Heilongjiang Province coal geological structure and coal seam complex conditions, gas, water, fire and other disasters more serious. The coal mines in the province have high biogas, gas outburst and coal spontaneous combustion tendency of more than 50%. In particular, the exploitation of large-scale state-owned mines has increased in depth and the maximum vertical depth has reached 1,000 meters. As the ground pressure continues to increase, the impact of ground pressure shows that the amount of gas emission increases. In some coal mines, the absolute emission rate reaches as much as 112 m 3 / minute. Coal spontaneous combustion period of Heilongjiang Province is the shortest of only 23 days. As the mining depth increases, the surface