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目的探讨莱芜市麻疹流行规律,为麻疹控制工作提供科学依据。方法对莱芜市1960~2012年麻疹疫情资料进行流行病学分析,用圆形分布法分析麻疹发病的集中时点和流行高峰期。结果麻疹疫苗使用前阶段、计划免疫前期、计划免疫初期、计划免疫阶段和消除麻疹阶段麻疹年均发病率分别为556.59/10万、228.88/10万、11.32/10万、0.40/10万和7.87/10万,麻疹发病呈现以下特征:城镇年均发病率显著高于农村(P<0.01);计划免疫前期(1960~1978年)麻疹发病高峰时点为3月29日,50%发病高峰期在3月7日至4月23日,计划免疫后(1979~2012年)发病高峰时点为4月11日,50%发病高峰期在3月13日至5月5日,发病高峰依然存在且明显拖后(P<0.01);1979~1984年、1985~2005年、2006~2012年1岁以下的麻疹病例构成比分别为1.45%、9.89%、16.83%,呈明显增加趋势,15岁以上的麻疹病例构成比分别为2.60%、20.88%、34.09%,呈明显增加趋势;职业分布以学生和散居儿童多发,其次是工人、农民和幼托儿童,流动人口构成比有明显增加趋势。结论成人麻疹和未免疫人群麻疹病例的增加给消除麻疹带来严峻挑战,流动人口病例的增加也不容忽视,要达到消除麻疹目标,除要做好适龄儿童常规免疫外,加强成人和流动人口的麻疹疫情监测和免疫预防具有重要意义。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of measles in Laiwu and provide a scientific basis for measles control. Methods The epidemiological data of measles epidemics in Laiwu City from 1960 to 2012 were analyzed. The circular distribution method was used to analyze the time of concentration and the peak of epidemics of measles. Results The annual average incidence of measles measles was 556.59 / 100000, 228.88 / 100000, 11.32 / 100000, 0.40 / 100000 and 7.87 respectively in pre-use stage, pre-planned immunization stage, initial immunization schedule, planned immunization stage and measles elimination stage / 100,000, the incidence of measles showed the following characteristics: the average annual incidence of urban areas was significantly higher than that of rural areas (P <0.01); pre-immunization (1960 to 1978) the peak incidence of measles was March 29, the peak incidence of 50% From March 7 to April 23, the peak incidence after planned immunization (1979-2012) was April 11, with a peak incidence of 50% occurring from March 13 to May 5 (P <0.01). The proportions of measles cases under 1 year of age from 1979 to 1984, from 1985 to 2005 and from 2006 to 2012 were 1.45%, 9.89% and 16.83%, respectively. The proportion of cases with measles above was 2.60%, 20.88% and 34.09%, respectively. The occupational distribution was more frequent among students and scattered children, followed by workers, peasants and kindergarten children. The composition ratio of floating population increased obviously. Conclusion The increase of measles cases in both adult measles and non-immunized populations poses a serious challenge to the elimination of measles. The increasing number of floating population should not be overlooked. To achieve the goal of measles elimination, the standard of adult measles and migrant workers should be strengthened Measles epidemic prevention and immunization prevention is of great significance.