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1980年至2010年的美国对华贸易政策可分为四个阶段:第一阶段是以制定新的国会立法而实现的;第二阶段是通过威胁制定针对人民币汇率的贸易法案而实现的;第三阶段以积极实施作为美国外贸法一部分的WTO协定、修改美国反补贴法的内容而实现的;第四阶段则是通过加大外贸法的实施力度而实现的。美国对华贸易政策原则已基本定型,该原则在扩大出口、限制进口方面的具体体现以及美国总统和国会在实施贸易法律和政策上的相互配合,使得对华出口的“矛”的功能与限制中国出口保护贸易的“盾”的功能都发挥得比较充分,从而对中美贸易产生影响。
The U.S. trade policy toward China from 1980 to 2010 can be divided into four phases: the first phase is achieved through the formulation of new parliamentary legislation; the second phase is implemented through the threat of a trade bill that deals with the exchange rate of RMB; The three phases were achieved through the active implementation of the WTO agreement as a part of the U.S. Foreign Trade Law and by the revision of the content of the U.S. countervailing law. The fourth stage was achieved by intensifying the implementation of the Foreign Trade Law. The principle of U.S. trade policy toward China has basically been finalized. The principle of expanding exports and restricting imports as well as the mutual cooperation between the U.S. President and the Congress in the implementation of trade laws and policies have enabled the “spear” function of export to China And the “shield” that restricts China’s export protection trade all play a more adequate role and thus have an impact on the trade between China and the United States.