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牙体牙髓病、牙周炎、牙外伤和遗传性疾病等导致的牙齿缺失严重影响着人类的身心健康。牙根作为牙体组织的重要组成部分，通过与牙周组织的连接将牙齿固定于牙槽窝内。深入探究牙根发育的调控机制将有助于对牙根再生治疗新方法的探索。牙根发育是一个复杂的过程，涉及上皮和间充质组织间的交流以及多种信号通路的调控。本文就牙根发育过程中各信号通路作用的研究进展作一综述。“,”Tooth loss caused by trauma, periodontitis or inherited disorders severely affects human physical and mental health. As an essential part of the tooth, tooth root is connected to periodontal tissues to maintain the tooth in the alveolar socket. To figure out the molecular mechanisms regulating tooth root development will contribute to the discovery of new approaches in tooth root regeneration. The development of tooth root is a complicated process involving communication between the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues and the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. The present article reviewed the research progress of the signaling pathways in tooth root development.