除了天然存在的石墨外,多数人造碳和石墨纤维,都是用煤焦油沥青之类的粘结剂和含碳物料(例如石油焦、炭黑和无烟煤)的混合物制成的。在碳-碳复合材料中,优质碳纤维沿着一定方向取向并固定在聚碳基体内。这样获得的材料的机械性能显著地扩大了它们的应用领域,这一领域一度受到多晶石墨性能不足的限制。 In addition to the naturally occurring graphite, most man-made carbon and graphite fibers are made from a mixture of coal tar pitch binders and carbonaceous materials such as petroleum coke, carbon black and anthracite. In carbon-carbon composites, high-quality carbon fibers are oriented in a certain direction and fixed in a polycarbosilane matrix. The mechanical properties of the materials thus obtained have significantly expanded their field of application, which was once restricted by the under-performance of polycrystalline graphite.