Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) is a rare anomaly in the lung,and hemothorax or massive hemoptysis due to spontaneous rupture of the fistula sac is even rarer.The patient described here was a 47-year-old woman who presented with massive hemoptysis resulting from the rupture of her PAVF just after laparoscopic operation.To our knowledge,this may be the first case ever reported that the rupture of PAVF may be correlated with a laparoscopic operation.The patient survived without adverse events after emergency pulmonary lobectomy.