傩,产生自远古中国先民驱鬼逐疫而举行的祭祀礼仪,是从原始鬼神崇拜衍化而来的民间习俗信仰和祭祀活动,傩祭的伴生物是傩面具。 《周礼·夏官》载:“方相氏,掌蒙熊皮,黄金四目,玄衣朱裳,执戈扬盾,帅百隶而时傩,以索室驱疫”。这表明“傩”是由头戴面具的方相氏率领狂夫、百隶们所举行的一种逐疫驱鬼仪式。 古代的傩祭活动自殷商时期就十分盛行,贵州的傩祭活动也十分古远,由此而伴生的傩面具艺术随着傩文化形态发展也经历了从原始到高级的渐进过程。远古时期的傩面具是神鬼意识的物化符号,它滋生于蒙昧时期人类对大自然的依附和恐惧,先民们展开想象的双翅,用他们对自然界有限的认识,极其大胆地创造出虚无飘渺的鬼神形象,使这些虚幻的意识具体化、形象化。由于先民的图腾意识和狩猎生活,使他们的想象力往往集中在与他们接触最多、关系最密切的事物上。 傩, arising from the ancient Chinese ancestors prey to exorcise the festival of sacrificial rites, is derived from the original ghost worship of folk customs and rituals, sacrificial accompaniment is 傩 mask. “Zhou Xia official” contains: “Fang Xiang, palm and bear skin, gold head four, Xuan Yi Zhu Sang, Zhi Ge Yang shield, Shuai hundred when and when Li, to cable room flooding.” This shows that “傩” is a mask-based party led by Kuai Fu, Bailen who held a kind of animal experiments. The ancient sacrificial offering activities were very popular during the Shang dynasty, and the sacrificial offering activities in Guizhou were very ancient. The masculine art associated with it also underwent a gradual process from primitiveness to advancedness with the development of its cultural form. In ancient times, the mask was a materialized symbol of the ghost consciousness. It was born during the ignorance of human attachment to and fear of nature. The ancestors started their imaginary wings and used their limited understanding of nature to create an extremely bold Ethereal ghosts and gods, so that these illusions of the specific, visualization. Because of their totem awareness and hunting life, their imagination tends to focus on the things most relevant and closely related to them.