鲁迅与梁实秋的论争,是不同政治立场的文学者严肃的思想理论争鸣,论争涉及的一系列理论问题,反映了现代中国的文学家和文学评论家在历史大变革时代对文学参与社会现实变革的不同主张和不同努力方向。这些问题是贯穿中国现当代文艺运动发展的基本问题,却由于政治禁锢长期得不到深入探讨。而在政治束缚解除之后,在公共文化空间,对历史的反思、尤其涉及历史人物评价,呈现出一种越来越明确的全面反转倾向。这表面上似乎体现了思想的解放,实质上更多的是由长期政治高压造成的被压抑情绪的宣泄。思维方式是政治平反式的。前几年围绕鲁迅《“丧家的”“资本家的乏走狗”》一文撤出中学语文教科书而起的热议,尤其网络上关于鲁迅、梁实秋评价的反转,并不是一个偶然的孤立事件。舆论同情梁实秋,贬损鲁迅,这对于过去意识形态压制下将敌对阶级简单否定、甚至是恶意丑化来说,是被压抑情绪的释放,因而是可以理解的。从鲁迅这方面来说,将其作为意识形态工具来利用的政治绑架,无论如何都是对他这个人及其思想的阉割,同时也是对其真正的思想影响力的封锁。因而,这种反转从重新思考历史角度看,也有其积极的一面。但由此导致忽视对文本的解读,仅仅满足于对某些历史性论断作出相反结论,并进而形成一种新型的话语专制,目前并未引起足够认识。在鲁迅与梁实秋论争问题上,避免非历史的反思历史倾向,重新细读鲁迅、梁实秋的文本,是唯一有效的方法。 The controversy between Lu Xun and Liang Shiqiu is a serious theoretical debate among literary scholars with different political positions. The series of theoretical issues involved in the debate reflect that the modern Chinese writers and literary critics have turned to literature in the era of great historical change. Different ideas and different direction of efforts. These problems are the basic issues that permeate the development of Chinese modern and contemporary literary and art movements. However, they have not been discussed for a long time due to political imprisonment. After the lifting of the political bondage, in the public cultural space, the reflection on history, especially concerning the evaluation of historical figures, showed an increasingly clear tendency toward full reversal. This seems ostensibly to reflect the liberation of ideas, and in essence it is more the catharsis of pent-up emotions caused by long-term political pressures. The way of thinking is politically counter-productive. A few years ago, there was a heated debate on withdrawing textbooks from middle schools from the perspective of Lu Xun and his “lack of capitalism”. In particular, the reversal of the evaluation of Lu Xun and Liang Shiqiu on the Internet was not by chance Isolated event. It is understandable that the sympathy of the public with Liang Shih-ch’iu and the devaluation of Lu Xun is a release of pent-up emotions that simply negated and even vilified the hostile class under the suppression of ideology in the past. From the aspect of Lu Xun, the political kidnapping that he uses as an ideological tool is, in any case, the emasculation of him and his thoughts as well as a blockade of his true intellectual influence. Thus, this reversal also has its positive side from the perspective of rethinking history. However, this led to neglect of the interpretation of the text, only satisfied with the conclusions of some historic conclusions to the contrary, and then the formation of a new discourse tyranny, at the moment did not cause enough understanding. On the issue of the debate between Lu Xun and Liang Shih-ch’iu, it is the only effective way to avoid the non-historical introspection of historical tendencies and to re-read the texts of Lu Xun and Liang Shiqiu.