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1991年在北美艾滋病传播率似乎正在下降,但在拉丁美洲和亚洲却保持上升势头。在非洲患艾滋病者的比例已达到了令人吃惊的程度,已有近6百万成年人和50万儿童受到感染。最近,不但对艾滋病的预防和治疗的研究有显著进展,而且对大多数条件致病性病原体的自然行为有了较全面的了解。对HIV母婴传播的认识也迈出了重要的两步。在瑞典的研究表明,这种病毒通常是在临近分娩或在分娩期间传染的,而不是象以前所认为那样在妊娠期间通过胎盘传播的。在卢旺达的研究结果表明:母乳是有效的传播媒介,近期感染的母亲可以通过母乳将HIV传播给
The rate of transmission of HIV in North America seems to be declining in 1991, but it is on the rise in Latin America and Asia. Already, the proportion of people living with HIV / AIDS in Africa has reached alarming proportions, with nearly 6 million adults and 500,000 children infected. Recently, not only has there been significant progress in the study of the prevention and treatment of AIDS, but also a more comprehensive understanding of the natural behaviors of most opportunistic pathogens. The awareness of mother-to-child transmission of HIV also took two important steps. Studies in Sweden have shown that the virus is usually transmitted during or near labor rather than through the placenta during pregnancy as previously thought. Research in Rwanda shows that breast milk is an effective transmission medium and that recently infected mothers can transmit HIV through breast milk to