文献中对胸锁乳突肌中、下段肌动脉来源的记载很不一致。本文用50例成人标本,以巨微解剖方法,用图确切显示肌的上、中、下段分别主要由枕动脉、颈外动脉和甲状腺上动脉的肌支供应。锁骨下动脉分支发出的附加肌支(39/50)常分布肌的起端,但分布范围小,不是肌的主支。胸锁乳突肌肌支来源多,采用该肌任一头作肌瓣时,应将多源的肌支分别保留于各头,以利单头肌瓣和剩余肌的存活。采取游离血管蒂时,以用颈外动脉或甲状腺上动脉肌支为佳。这两个肌支位置表浅,管径平均都是1.1mm。各肌支都是分散入肌的,没有形成血管门。 The literature on the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the lower part of the report of the origin of the muscular artery is very inconsistent. In this paper, with 50 adult specimens, with micro-anatomical method, the figure shows exactly that the upper, middle and lower segments of the muscle are mainly supplied by the muscular branches of the occipital artery, the external carotid artery and the thyroid artery. Subclavian artery branch issued additional muscular branches (39/50) often distribute the beginning of the muscle, but the distribution of small, not the main branch of the muscle. Sternocleidomastoid muscle branches and more sources, the use of either muscle for muscle flap, the multi-source muscle branch should be retained in each head, in order to facilitate the survival of the mononuclear flap and the remaining muscle. To take free pedicle to the use of external carotid artery or superior thyroid artery branch is better. Superficial position of these two muscular branches, the average diameter of 1.1mm. The muscular branches are scattered into the muscle, there is no formation of vascular door.